[Trends in suicide rates in Brazil from 2011 to 2020: special focus on the COVID-19 pandemicTendencia de las tasas de suicidio en Brasil, 2011-2020, con especial atención a la pandemia de COVID-19]. / Tendência de suicídio no Brasil de 2011 a 2020: foco especial na pandemia de covid-19.

Objective: To describe the trends in suicide rates in Brazil from 2011 to 2020 and determine whether these rates are associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related variables. Method: This ecological time series study analyzed mortality from suicide with a focus on 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population was the primary outcome. The trends in suicide rates were estimated using generalized Prais-Winsten regression. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict suicide rates in 2020. The association between suicide rates and death rates from COVID-19, unemployment, receiving emergency financial aid, and rates of social distancing was investigated. Results: From 2011 to 2020, 115 469 deaths by suicide were recorded in Brazil (60.5 deaths/100 000 population). The suicide rate in 2020 was 6.68/100 000 population. An increasing trend in suicide rates was observed from 2011 to 2020 in both sexes, with annual percent change of 0.23 (95%CI: 0.141; 0.322) in women; and 1.19 (95%CI: 0.714; 1.810) in men. Mortality by suicide increased in all regions, with the highest increase recorded in the South. There was no evidence of increase in deaths by suicide in relation to the expected number during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Suicide rates increased for both sexes and in all Brazilian states. In the first pandemic year, the number of deaths by suicide did not increase in relation to the expected number, with a stability trend during the months of 2020.

Objetivo: Describir la tendencia de las tasas de suicidio en Brasil durante el período 2011-2020 y determinar su asociación con las variables relacionadas con la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: En este estudio ecológico y de serie temporal se analizó la mortalidad por suicidio, en particular en el 2020, el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19. El resultado principal fue la tasa de mortalidad por suicidio por 100.000 habitantes. La tendencia de las tasas de suicidio se calculó mediante una regresión generalizada de Prais-Winsten y para el pronóstico correspondiente al 2020 se utilizó el modelo autorregresivo integrado de promedio móvil (ARIMA). Se investigó la asociación entre las tasas de suicidio y las tasas de muerte por COVID-19, el desempleo, el recibir ayuda económica de emergencia y las tasas de distanciamiento social. Resultados: En el período 2011-2020, se registraron 115.469 suicidios en Brasil (60,5 muertes por 100.000 habitantes). La tasa de suicidio en el 2020 fue de 6,68 por 100.000 habitantes. Se observó un aumento en la tendencia de las tasas de suicidio en las personas de ambos sexos en el período 2011-2020, con una variación anual porcentual de 0,23 (IC 95%: 0,141; 0,322) en las mujeres y de 1,19 (IC 95%: 0,714; 1,810) en los hombres. La mortalidad por suicidio aumentó en todas las regiones y la mayor tasa se registró en la región sur. No hubo evidencia de una intensificación del número de casos de suicidio con respecto a lo previsto en el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las tasas de suicidio de personas de ambos sexos aumentaron en todos los estados de Brasil. En el primer año de la pandemia no se observó ningún aumento en comparación con la tasa prevista y la tendencia se mantuvo estable durante el transcurso del 2020.

Moving more and sitting less as healthy lifestyle behaviors are protective factors for insomnia, depression, and anxiety among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate associations of physical activity time (PAT) and sitting time (ST) independently and jointly with insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 965 adolescents (mean age = 15.26, SD = 0.46) was conducted in May 2020. PAT, ST and the symptoms of insomnia, depression and anxiety were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scales, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale via an online survey platform. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between COVID-19-related fear, PAT, ST and combinations of PAT and ST with insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: COVID-19-related fear was associated with higher odds of insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms. PAT was associated with lower odds of insomnia and depressive symptoms, while ST was associated with higher odds of these three symptoms. After combining PAT and ST, the group with both low PAT and high ST was set as the referent. For insomnia, groups with low ST reported significantly lower odds of symptoms. For depression, groups with high PAT and/or low ST reported lower odds of symptoms. Regarding anxiety, only the group with both high PAT and low ST reported lower odds of symptoms. Generally, group with both high PAT and low ST reported lower odds of the three symptoms than the referent. Conclusion: COVID-19-related fear was a risk factor for developing insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Fortunately, moving more and sitting less were good for sleep and mental health in Chinese adolescents during the pandemic. Educators should help adolescents to be more physically active in their daily life in the primary prevention of adolescent insomnia, depression and anxiety. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Depression is Associated with Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differs by Activity Level, Gender and Gender Role.

PURPOSE: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implications for depressive symptoms (henceforth depression) of young people and risk may be associated with their reduced physical activity (PA) level. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and PA among college students with different gender and gender role (masculinity traits and femininity traits) during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 628 healthy college students from nineteen different locations. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the 50-item Chinese Sex-Role Inventory (CSRI-50) were used to measure depressive symptoms, PA continuous (weekly metabolic equivalent minutes, MET-minutes/week) and categorical indicators (activity level category) and gender role, respectively. The statistical analyses were used in partial correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, moderation model tests, and linear regression model tests. RESULTS: Total of 34.72% participants had clinically relevant depression (16, CES-D scale). Total of 58.6% participants were classified as a "low" activity level for spending less time on PA. Depression significantly negatively correlated with MET-minutes/week in moderate-intensity PA but not vigorous and walking scores. Of note, the depression-PA association was only moderated by the "low" activity level group in terms of categorical scores across gender groups. Participants with higher masculinity traits were less likely to have depression among all participants. Moreover, more recovered cases and fewer deaths could also predict the lower depression risk in the "high" activity level group. CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity PA is beneficial for reducing depression risk among college students at a low activity level. College students with fewer masculinity traits (regardless of gender) are highly vulnerable to depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic seems critical to alleviating the burden of mental disorders of the public including depression.